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I am doing some adsorption tests on bio materials and would like to
test the data with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models.
Assume these values:
Using these data how can I use Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models to get the constants and check whether my adsorption data fit the model or not. (If any other parameter is needed you can assume some reasonable value.) |
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For langmuir isotherm:
Let say we are using linear langmuir isotherm. The formula is : 1/qe = 1/qm + 1/qm.KL find the value of qe. Using the formula qe = (Ci-Cf)*V/mass of adsorbent, and then plot the graph 1/qe versus 1/ Cf. It would be easier by using excel. From the graph, we can calculate the slop. The linear graph will produce y=mx+c equation. m=intercept=1/qe, hence qe=1/m. C=1/qm.KL. From the C value, we can actually find KL. From the graph generated using excel, it will shown the R2 value. This value is the important indicator to determine which isotherm model fit the system. The highest R2 value will fit the system. Let say R2 value langmuir is 0.8 and R2 for freundlich is 0.9. So, we can conclude that, Langmuir model fit your system. For Freundlich isotherm Plot the graph log qe versus log cf. From the graph you will get linear equation, y=mx + c and the R2 value. Compare the R2 value with langmuir's R2. Highest R2 value indicate that those model fit with the system. Cf=final concentration Ci= initial concentration |
CBN to give N3m each to
eligible youth on empowerment programme
On March 15, 20163:00 pmIn NewsComments
Abuja – Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is to give three million naira
each to empower eligible youths under the Youth Initiative Empowerment
Development Programme (YIEDP), the Governor, Mr Godwin Emefiele, has
said.
Emefiele made the disclosure at the launch of YIEDP in Abuja on Tuesday.
He said “the programme is open to youths who are either serving in the
National Youth Service Corps or those who have not spent more than five
years post NYSC service.
“Credit line will be made available up to three million naira to each
eligible youth, thereby fixing the problem of inadequate finance often
encountered by business start-ups.
“And receptions that utilise the funds properly can be encouraged to
migrate to the other CBN interventions wherein they access more funds.’’
Emefiele said that N210 billion had been set aside for the programme and
added that the collateral for accessing the fund was simple.
“It will include assets, such as academic and NYSC certificates, third
party guarantees and other movable assets.
“This programmes will be an equal opportunity programme across gender
and geo-political zones and we have developed a robust operational
framework to deliver a bias-free per-qualification and selection
process.’’
He said that CBN was targeting 10,000 youths with the aim of creating
one million direct jobs in productive activities within the next four
years.
According to Emefiele, the National Bureau of Statistics says that there
are over 36.3million youths in Nigeria’s labour force out of whom 13.6
million are either underemployed or unemployed.
He noted that many talented youth in the country were constrained by
seed funding which was very scarce.
He explained that to address the situation, CBN in collaboration with
NYSC came up with the initiative.
The CBN governor commended the efforts of the Director-General of NYSC,
Brig Gen Johnson Olawumi, and Mr Akinsola Akinfemiwa, Chairman, Heritage
Bank for their commitment to the programme.
Also, the NYSC director-general said YIEDP focused at providing world
class training and start- up capital to corps members who had indicated
interest in Skill Acquisition and Entrepreneurship (SAED).
Olawunmi said the initiative was designed to complement the other
interventions in funding corps members’ proposals under the NYSC SAED
programme.
He explained that since the inception of SAED, the NYSC scheme had
trained over 500,000 ex-corps members in various agro-based skills but
not all were empowered due to inadequate funds.
He noted that under the new concept of YIEDP which had liberalised the
lending terms, corps member entrepreneurs would enjoy unhindered access
to start-up funds.
He explained that corps members who intended to access the fund were
expected to undergo a world class entrepreneurship development training
facilitated by CBN and heritage bank.
“ They will submit electronically, a bankable business plans as well as
provide a reliable guarantor and their NYSC certificates will serve as
collateral for beneficiaries,’’ he said.
He admonished serving corps members to take advantage of the opportunity
by coming up with creative ideas and bankable business plans which
could make them access the fund.
In his remark, the Chairman of Heritage Bank Akinfemiwa, said the major
partners to the programme were NYSC members and urged them to strive to
be employers of labour and not job seekers.
Akinfemiwa also urged the youths to generate good ideas as it was the
only way to ensure that the money that would be given to them was
properly used.
Read more at: http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/03/cbn-gives-n3m-each-to-eligible-youth-on-empowerment-programme/
Read more at: http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/03/cbn-gives-n3m-each-to-eligible-youth-on-empowerment-programme/
Under floor vent from Hambleside Danelaw.
Typically made from PP, but this one is 100% recycled with glass fibres from
ground GRP recyclate and in-house PP waste, resulting in a stiffer, stronger
product with no increase in cost. (Picture © Stella Job.)